nebulizer

A nebulizer is a device that converts liquid medication into an aerosol for inhalation, enabling the medicine to reach the lungs. Commonly used in respiratory care for both acute and chronic conditions.

Nebulizers work by using a compressor, ultrasonic transducer, or vibrating mesh to atomize a liquid into a fine mist with particles typically 1-5 micrometers, delivered via a mouthpiece or mask during breathing. Some systems are portable; others are tabletop.

There are several main designs: jet (compressor-driven) nebulizers are the most common; ultrasonic devices use high-frequency vibrations to create aerosols; mesh nebulizers use a vibrating membrane with multiple pores for efficient generation.

Medications and uses: Bronchodilators such as albuterol, corticosteroids, saline solutions, antibiotics, and mucolytics can be delivered. Nebulizers are used for asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia management, and pediatric conditions; useful when patients cannot use inhalers properly.

Administration and care: Correct technique includes seated position, slow deep breaths with a mouthpiece or mask, and completion of treatment. Cleaning after each use and regular disinfection prevent contamination; replace filters and parts as recommended by manufacturers. Inhaled medicines should be prescribed by a clinician, and some medications are not interchangeable between devices.

Advantages and limitations: Provides direct lung delivery with rapid onset and reduced systemic exposure, and is useful for young children or those who have difficulty with inhalers. Limitations include longer treatment times, equipment needs, noise, and risk of infection if poorly cleaned; not ideal for acute emergencies where rapid delivery is needed via inhalers or injections.