Népességstagnálás

Népességstagnálás refers to a period where a population's size remains relatively constant, with minimal growth or decline. This phenomenon occurs when the birth rate and death rate are nearly equal, or when immigration and emigration balance each other out. Several factors can contribute to population stagnation.

Historically, societies often experienced high birth rates and high death rates, leading to slow or fluctuating population growth. In more recent times, particularly in developed countries, stagnant populations are often the result of declining birth rates coupled with falling death rates. This demographic shift is frequently linked to factors such as increased access to education and family planning, changing social norms regarding family size, and economic development.

While stagnation might seem neutral, it can have significant societal implications. An aging population, for instance, can emerge if birth rates are low for an extended period, leading to a higher proportion of older individuals. This can place greater demands on healthcare and social security systems. Conversely, some regions might experience stagnation due to emigration, where people leave for economic or social reasons, leading to a shrinking workforce and potential economic challenges. Understanding the causes and consequences of population stagnation is crucial for policymakers and demographers when planning for the future.