Myodes

Myodes is a genus of small to medium-sized rodents in the family Cricetidae, subfamily Arvicolinae. Members of this genus are commonly referred to as bank voles or red-backed voles, depending on the species. Taxonomically, Myodes has been treated at times as a subgenus of Microtus, but many authorities recognize Myodes as a distinct genus within Arvicolinae.

Geographic range and habitat: Species of Myodes are native to the Palearctic region, occupying boreal and temperate forests, woodlands, hedgerows, and grassy areas. The bank vole (Myodes glareolus) is widespread across much of Europe and parts of western Asia. Other Myodes species occur across northern Asia and into Japan, with habitats typically requiring moist, densely vegetated cover.

Physical characteristics and ecology: Voles in this genus are generally small to medium in size, with short bodies and tails. Fur color varies by species, often brownish or grayish, with some showing reddish backs. They feed mainly on seeds, grains, fruits, and vegetation, but will also consume invertebrates. They are primarily nocturnal or crepuscular and live in networks of runways and burrows. Predators include owls, foxes, mustelids, and other small carnivores. Ecologically, they are important prey items and can influence vegetation through grazing.

Reproduction: Myodes species typically breed in favorable seasons, producing multiple litters per year. Litter sizes commonly range from four to seven young, with gestation around three weeks in many species.

Significance and conservation: Bank voles, particularly Myodes glareolus, are known reservoirs for hantaviruses such as Puumala virus, which can affect humans. Conservation status varies by species; most widespread forms are of no immediate concern, while others with restricted ranges may face habitat pressures.