Mundwinkel

Mundwinkel is the German term for the corners of the mouth, the oral commissures where the upper and lower lips meet. In medical and anatomical usage, the Mundwinkel are key landmarks on the face and are involved in expressions and speech.

Anatomically, each Mundwinkel sits at the lateral corner of the mouth and is associated with a fibromuscular node known as the modiolus. Several muscles converge at this point, including the orbicularis oris, risorius, zygomaticus major, levator anguli oris, and depressor anguli oris, enabling coordinated movements that form smiles, frowns, and other expressions. The surrounding mucosa and skin contribute to the visible contour of the corners.

Development and variation: the Mundwinkel develop with facial muscles during early life and can vary in position and prominence among individuals. Age, facial anatomy, and conditions affecting the skin or muscles can alter the shape and mobility of the corners. Congenital anomalies involving the mouth, such as cleft lip with or without cleft palate, can affect the Mundwinkel and their function.

Clinical significance: changes to the Mundwinkel are noted in various medical contexts. Angular cheilitis describes inflammation and cracking at the corners of the mouth, often due to moisture trapping, infection, or nutritional factors. Facial nerve palsy can weaken the muscles around the Mundwinkel, causing asymmetry. In dentistry and maxillofacial medicine, precise assessment of the Mundwinkel aids in evaluating facial symmetry, function, and cosmetic outcomes.

Etymology and terminology: Mundwinkel literally means “mouth corners” in German, while in English the term “oral commissure” or “angulus oris” is commonly used.