Mulched

Mulched refers to an area where a layer of mulch has been applied to the soil surface. Mulch is any material spread over soil to conserve moisture, suppress weeds, regulate temperature, reduce erosion, and improve soil structure. Mulched beds can include trees, shrubs, flower beds, and vegetable plots.

Common mulch materials are divided into organic and inorganic. Organic mulches include bark or wood chips, straw, shredded leaves, compost, wood shavings, and grass clippings. As organic mulches decompose, they add organic matter and nutrients to the soil. Inorganic mulches include plastic sheets, landscape fabrics, gravel, basalt, or rubber; these do not decompose but can provide long-lasting weed control and moisture retention.

Application guidelines: spread a layer 2-4 inches thick for most beds, keeping mulch a few inches away from stems and trunks to prevent rot. Leave some space around plants; for trees apply a wider ring, called a mulch ring. Replenish as mulch breaks down, typically every one to few years. In windy or steep areas, keep mulch away from edges to prevent drift.

Benefits and considerations: benefits include moisture conservation, temperature moderation, weed suppression, reduced soil erosion, and improved soil biology. Potential drawbacks include mulch-induced pests or diseases if damp and poorly drained, nitrogen immobilization with high-carbon materials, odor or mold in moist conditions, and the risk of fires with certain mulches in dry climates. Dyed mulches may fade over time.

Maintenance and best practices: inspect regularly, turn organic mulches to improve aeration, avoid layering more than recommended, and consider composting or recycling plant materials. For edible gardens, choose composted organic mulches and avoid fresh manures that may harbor pathogens.