Monitoridae

Monitoridae is a family of lizards comprising the monitor lizards, also known as goannas. These reptiles are found across Africa, Asia, and Australia. Monitor lizards are characterized by their long necks, powerful limbs, sharp claws, and long tails. Their bodies are typically robust, and they possess a forked tongue, which they use for scent detection, similar to snakes.

The family includes a wide range of species, from the small rock monitors to the Komodo dragon, the largest living lizard. Monitor lizards are generally carnivorous, with diets that vary depending on the species and habitat. They may prey on insects, small mammals, birds, eggs, and even carrion. Some larger species are apex predators in their ecosystems.

Monitor lizards exhibit diverse behaviors. Some are arboreal, living in trees, while others are terrestrial or semi-aquatic. Many are diurnal, meaning they are active during the day. Reproduction is typically oviparous, with females laying eggs in nests, burrows, or on the ground. Parental care is generally minimal.

The taxonomy of Monitoridae has been subject to revision, but it is generally accepted to contain a single genus, Varanus. Several subgenera are often recognized. Monitor lizards play significant roles in their respective ecosystems, influencing prey populations and acting as scavengers. Some species are of conservation concern due to habitat loss, hunting, and other human-induced threats.