1. Realism: This mode emphasizes the pursuit of power and security. Realist actors seek to maintain or increase their power and influence, often through military strength or alliances. They are concerned with the balance of power and the prevention of aggression.
2. Liberalism: Liberal actors focus on the promotion of values such as democracy, human rights, and international law. They advocate for cooperation and the resolution of conflicts through diplomacy and international institutions. Liberalism often prioritizes the well-being of citizens and the stability of the international system.
3. Constructivism: Constructivist actors view international politics as a process of social construction. They emphasize the role of ideas, norms, and identities in shaping international relations. Constructivists seek to influence the international order and promote their values through cultural and ideological means.
4. Marxism: Marxist actors are concerned with the economic and social conditions of states and societies. They advocate for the overthrow of capitalist systems and the establishment of socialist or communist states. Marxism often involves the use of revolutionary tactics and the promotion of international solidarity among oppressed peoples.
5. Feminism: Feminist actors focus on the promotion of gender equality and the elimination of gender-based discrimination. They seek to challenge patriarchal structures and advocate for the rights of women and marginalized groups. Feminism often involves the use of legal, political, and cultural strategies to achieve its goals.
Each mode of interest represents a different approach to international politics and can coexist within the same actor or state. The choice of mode can be influenced by a variety of factors, including historical experience, cultural values, and the specific context of international relations. Understanding the modes of interest of different actors can provide valuable insights into their behavior and the dynamics of international politics.