Feminist

A feminist is a person who supports feminism, the social and political movement aiming to define, establish, and achieve political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes. The term is closely tied to efforts to challenge and dismantle gender-based discrimination, stereotypes, and power imbalances.

Etymology and history: The word feminist derives from feminism, which emerged in the late 19th century as women and allies campaigned for legal rights, education, and political participation. The concept has grown to encompass a range of approaches that address how gender intersects with race, class, sexuality, and other identities.

Waves, approaches, and goals: Feminist thought has developed in waves. First-wave feminism focused on legal rights and suffrage. Second-wave feminism broadened goals to include workplace equality, reproductive rights, and social norms. Third-wave feminism emphasized diversity, individual experience, and intersectionality. Some scholars and activists describe a fourth wave emphasizing digital activism, violence against women, and ongoing inequality, with attention to race, sexuality, gender identity, and disability. Branches include liberal feminism (advancing equality through legal reform), radical feminism (addressing patriarchy as a root cause), socialist or Marxist feminism (linking gender oppression with economic systems), and intersectional feminism (analyzing overlapping inequalities).

Notable figures and influence: Figures such as Mary Wollstonecraft, Sojourner Truth, Simone de Beauvoir, Betty Friedan, bell hooks, Gloria Steinem, Angela Davis, and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie have shaped feminist thought and activism. Feminist perspectives have influenced law, education, media, and public policy in many countries, though to varying degrees.

Critiques and diversity of thought: Feminism is not a single ideology; it includes debates over priorities, goals, and methods. Critics have argued that some forms have been Western-centric or insufficiently address gender identity, culture, and class. Contemporary feminism often emphasizes inclusivity, accountability, and the examination of power structures across multiple axes of identity.