Mikrokrediitti

Mikrokrediitti, also known as microcredit, refers to the provision of small loans, typically to individuals who lack access to traditional banking services. These loans are often made to low-income entrepreneurs and small business owners, particularly in developing countries, to enable them to start or expand their businesses. The core idea behind mikrokrediitti is to empower individuals by providing them with the financial resources needed to generate income and improve their livelihoods.

The concept of mikrokrediitti gained significant international attention with the work of Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, founded by Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus. Grameen Bank pioneered a model where loans are often provided to groups of women, who then collectively manage the repayment. This group lending approach fosters social collateral and mutual support, reducing the risk of default.

Mikrokrediitti initiatives operate through various institutions, including non-governmental organizations (NGOs), credit unions, and specialized microfinance banks. While the primary goal is poverty alleviation and economic empowerment, some microfinance institutions also aim for financial sustainability. Interest rates on mikrokrediitti loans can sometimes be higher than traditional bank loans due to the administrative costs associated with managing many small loans and higher perceived risk.

The impact of mikrokrediitti is a subject of ongoing debate. Supporters highlight its role in job creation, income generation, and improved living standards for borrowers. Critics, however, raise concerns about potential over-indebtedness, high interest rates, and the extent to which it truly addresses systemic poverty. Despite these discussions, mikrokrediitti remains an important tool in the development finance landscape.