Midpronation

Midpronation is a term used in foot biomechanics to describe a moderate level of pronation during the stance phase of gait, positioned between neutral foot alignment and overpronation. Pronation involves the inward roll of the foot after heel strike to absorb shock and adapt to surfaces; midpronation characterizes this rolling motion at a midrange magnitude that is commonly observed in healthy walking and running.

In typical gait, pronation progresses from initial contact to midstance, then transitions toward supination before toe-off. Midpronation denotes the middle portion of this progression, where the foot has enough flexibility to absorb load but remains stable enough to support propulsion. It is not a formal clinical diagnosis, and definitions vary among professionals; some describe it as neutral with mild pronation, while others view it as a normal variant.

Assessment can involve observational gait analysis, video analysis, plantar pressure measurement, or motion capture. Arch height, foot structure, footwear, and individual biomechanics influence pronation tendencies, but midpronation can occur across a range of arch types.

Clinical relevance: Most people exhibiting midpronation are asymptomatic and require no intervention. If excessive pronation or related symptoms occur (for example, plantar fasciitis, shin splints, or knee pain), footwear with appropriate arch support or stability features or custom orthotics may be considered. In contrast, underpronation (supination) presents its own set of concerns.

See also: Pronation, Overpronation, Supination, Foot biomechanics.