Mastiha

Mastiha, also spelled mastic, is a resin produced by the evergreen shrub Pistacia lentiscus, commonly known as the mastic tree. The resin is secreted in small tears on the bark when the tree is injured and is collected after hardening on the branches and ground. After cleaning and drying, the resin forms translucent beads or granules.

The best known source is the Greek island of Chios, where the traditional craft of harvesting and processing mastiha has been practiced for centuries. Mastiha from Chios has protected designation of origin status under the European Union, recognizing its unique regional character and production methods. Harvesting is a seasonal activity performed by workers in the mastihohoria, communities with long-standing knowledge of incision, collection, and processing.

Chemically, mastiha contains terpenoid compounds and polyphenols. It has a distinctive aroma described as piney and balsamic with a hint of citrus, and a resinous, mildly sweet taste. When chewed, it softens and releases flavor gradually while imparting a resinous texture.

Uses are diverse: it is used as a chewing gum, as a flavoring in pastries, desserts, ice creams, and as an ingredient in liqueurs and fortified beverages. It also appears in some savory dishes and in traditional medicines, cosmetics, and dental care products for fragrance and potential oral health benefits.

Culturally and economically, mastiha supports communities on Chios through specialized villages and cooperatives that manage harvest, processing, and export. The product is marketed in natural form as beads or powder and in derivative products across the Mediterranean and beyond.