Mammografía

Mammografía is a medical imaging technique used to examine breast tissue. It employs low-dose X-rays to create images of the breast, which are then reviewed by a radiologist. This process is primarily used for breast cancer screening, aiming to detect the disease in its early stages when it is most treatable. Mammograms can also be used for diagnostic purposes when a woman has symptoms of breast cancer, such as a lump, pain, or nipple discharge.

There are two main types of mammograms: screening mammograms and diagnostic mammograms. Screening mammograms are performed on women without any breast symptoms as part of a regular health check-up. Diagnostic mammograms are performed when there is a suspicion of breast cancer. The procedure involves compressing the breast between two plates to spread out the tissue and obtain clearer images. This compression can cause temporary discomfort for some individuals.

The images produced by a mammogram allow radiologists to identify abnormalities such as calcifications, masses, and architectural distortions, which may indicate the presence of cancer. While mammography is a valuable tool, it is not infallible. False positives, where the mammogram suggests cancer but none is present, and false negatives, where cancer is missed, can occur. Therefore, mammography results are often interpreted in conjunction with other clinical information and imaging modalities. Regular screening mammography is recommended for women starting at a certain age, with guidelines varying by professional organizations and national health bodies.