Majoritetsprincipen

Majoritetsprincipen is a term used in political theory and constitutional law to describe the rule that in a democratic decision-making body the will of the majority determines outcomes. It is applied when decisions are made by vote in legislatures, councils, or referendums, and is grounded in procedures that aim to be fair and transparent, giving participants an equal opportunity to influence the result.

The simplest form is a simple majority, where more votes in favor than against decides the matter. Some processes require an absolute majority, meaning more than half of all eligible votes or members, regardless of abstentions. For certain decisions, such as constitutional amendments or major reforms, a qualified or supermajority may be required (for example, two-thirds or three-fifths).

Majority rule is typically balanced with protections for minorities and fundamental rights. While it provides legitimacy and efficiency, it can risk minoritarian oppression if not checked by laws, courts, and constitutional safeguards. Therefore, most systems combine majority rule with mechanisms that protect minority rights, ensure the rule of law, and promote fair deliberation.

In practice, majoritetsprincipen is central in representative democracies, including parliamentary systems, where an elected majority forms government and enacts legislation. It applies to ordinary laws, budgets, and other acts decided by vote, though abstentions and strategic behavior can influence outcomes. Critics argue that unchecked majority rule may undermine minority rights or legal constraints, underscoring the importance of checks and balances.

In Swedish context, majoritetsprincipen describes that decisions in democratic bodies are taken by the majority of votes, while constitutional and human rights protections and procedural rules constrain how majorities act.