Lyijyakkujärjestelmät

Lyijyakkujärjestelmät, commonly known as lead-acid battery systems, are a mature and widely used type of rechargeable energy storage technology. These systems utilize lead dioxide and sponge lead electrodes immersed in sulfuric acid electrolyte to produce electrical energy through chemical reactions. Lead-acid batteries are known for their high surge current capabilities, reliability, and cost-effectiveness, making them suitable for applications such as automotive starting, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), and renewable energy storage.

Typical lead-acid systems consist of multiple cells connected in series, each producing approximately 2 volts, with the total voltage depending on the number of cells. The energy capacity of the system is determined by the size and number of individual cells, allowing for scalable designs. Maintenance-free variants, such as valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries, are common in modern systems, featuring sealed enclosures that reduce the need for maintenance and acid spills.

While lead-acid batteries have relatively low energy density compared to newer technologies like lithium-ion, they excel in applications requiring high power output over short periods. Their relatively low cost, ease of recycling, and established manufacturing processes contribute to their continued use globally.

However, lead-acid systems face challenges related to their weight, limited cycle life, and environmental impact due to the toxicity of lead and sulfuric acid. Advances in electrode materials and sealed design improvements aim to mitigate some of these issues. Despite the emergence of alternative energy storage solutions, lead-acid batteries remain an essential component of various industrial, automotive, and backup power systems.