Leadacid

Leadacid is a type of rechargeable battery commonly used for automotive and backup power applications. It consists of lead dioxide (PbO2) as the positive plate, sponge lead (Pb) as the negative plate, and a sulfuric acid (H2SO4) electrolyte. During discharge, chemical reactions convert lead dioxide and sponge lead into lead sulfate (PbSO4), while releasing electrical energy. The process is reversed during charging, restoring the original materials.

Leadacid batteries are valued for their relatively low cost, high surge current capability, and robustness. They are widely employed in vehicle starting, lighting, and ignition systems, as well as in uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), emergency lighting, and other standby power applications.

Despite their advantages, leadacid batteries have limitations, including high weight, limited cycle life, and environmental concerns related to lead and acid disposal. Advances have been made to improve their performance, including maintenance-free designs and the development of sealed, valve-regulated types such as absorbed glass mat (AGM) and gel batteries.

Leadacid technology remains one of the most established and economical options for large-scale energy storage, particularly where high power output and reliability are required. Proper handling, recycling, and disposal are essential due to the hazardous nature of lead and sulfuric acid, and regulations govern their manufacturing and recycling processes to mitigate environmental impact.