Lipidbalanse

Lipidbalanse, or lipid balance, refers to the regulation of lipids in an organism to maintain homeostasis at both cellular and systemic levels. It encompasses the intake, synthesis, storage, mobilization, transport, and eventual catabolism of fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids.

Key processes involved include digestion and absorption of dietary fats, transport of lipids in the bloodstream by lipoproteins (such as VLDL, LDL, and HDL), storage of excess calories as triglycerides in adipose tissue, lipolysis releasing fatty acids during fasting, and beta-oxidation in mitochondria to generate energy. De novo lipogenesis occurs in the liver and adipose tissue, and ketogenesis may take place during prolonged fasting or carbohydrate restriction.

Regulation of lipidbalanse is influenced by hormones and transcriptional networks. Insulin promotes lipid synthesis and storage, while glucagon and catecholamines promote mobilization. Transcription factors such as SREBP regulate fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, PPARs modulate genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and lipolysis, and LXR and FXR participate in cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis. Nutritional status, physical activity, and genetics shape individual balance.

Clinical relevance and assessment revolve around lipid panels that measure total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, with additional metrics like non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoproteins. Dyslipidemias, genetic disorders, obesity, and liver disease can disrupt lipidbalanse and elevate cardiovascular risk. Management focuses on lifestyle measures and, when appropriate, pharmacological interventions to restore balance.