Lehdistönvapaus

Lehdistönvapaus, or freedom of the press, is the right of media to seek, receive and publish information and opinions without undue interference. It enables journalism to scrutinize power, inform the public, and foster democratic debate.

In Finland, lehdistönvapaus is a fundamental right protected by the Constitution. Freedom of expression and the press are core components of the constitutional order, and are supported by statutory protections for journalistic sources and the right of access to information. The legal framework also restricts publication only within narrowly defined limits—such as protecting national security, preventing incitement, safeguarding privacy, and ensuring a fair trial. Civil and criminal liability for defamation may apply where warranted. Prior restraint or censorship is generally prohibited, and any restriction must be proportionate and justified in a democratic state.

Practical governance includes self-regulation and professional ethics via bodies like the Council for Mass Media (Julkisen sanan neuvosto), which issues statements on media conduct, and general press ethics guidelines. The right to access information supports lehdistönvapaus by enabling journalists to obtain government records.

Internationally, lehdistönvapaus is protected by Finland's obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights (Article 10) and other international human rights instruments, and it serves as a common benchmark in global press freedom assessments.

Current challenges include digital transformation, concentration of media ownership, and the safety of journalists, but Finland remains among countries with high levels of press freedom.