Lasiionomeerimateriaalien

Lasiionomeerimateriaalien, often referred to as glass ionomers, are a class of materials commonly used in restorative dentistry and as luting agents. They are formed by the reaction of an aqueous solution of a polyalkenoic acid with a finely ground bioactive glass powder. This reaction creates a hardened matrix that exhibits several advantageous properties.

The key components of glass ionomer cements are the polyacid, typically a copolymer of acrylic and itaconic acids, and the glass, which is a fluoroaluminosilicate glass. When mixed, the acid attacks the surface of the glass particles, releasing calcium, aluminum, and fluoride ions. These ions then react with the polyacid to form a cross-linked polymer network that entraps the unreacted glass particles.

One of the most significant benefits of glass ionomers is their ability to release fluoride ions over time. This fluoride release can help to inhibit secondary caries, a common problem associated with dental restorations. Furthermore, glass ionomers have a chemical bond to tooth structure, specifically to the calcium in the hydroxyapatite of enamel and dentin, which contributes to their good marginal seal and reduced microleakage.

Their aesthetic properties are generally considered fair to good, with shades that can be matched to natural tooth color. However, they are not as esthetic as composite resins and can be more prone to wear. Glass ionomers are also sensitive to moisture during setting, requiring careful handling. They are widely used in pediatric dentistry, for Class V restorations, and as liners or bases under other restorative materials.