polyalkenoic

Polyalkenoic is an adjective used in chemistry and dentistry to describe polymers containing multiple carboxyl groups derived from alkene monomers, most notably polyacrylic acids. In dental science, polyalkenoic acids refer to the water-soluble polymers employed in polyalkenoate cements, also known as glass ionomer cements (GICs).

Polyalkenoate cements are formed by an acid-base reaction between a fluoroaluminosilicate glass powder and an aqueous solution of polyalkenoic acid. The carboxylate groups in the polymer chelate metal ions released from the glass, creating a crosslinked hydrogel matrix that binds to tooth structure. This reaction also results in the release of fluoride ions, contributing to potential anti-cariogenic effects. The materials exhibit adhesion to dentin and enamel, biocompatibility, and a thermal expansion similar to natural tooth tissue.

Key properties include chemical bonding to tooth structure, fluoride release, and good sealing through chemical adhesion. They are radiopaque due to the glass filler and are valued for modest strength, liner or base applications, and chemical bonding to tooth tissue. However, conventional polyalkenoate cements generally have lower early strength and greater sensitivity to moisture during initial setting compared with resin-based materials. Water sorption and aging can influence dimensional stability over time.

Variants of polyalkenoate cements include resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs), which incorporate resin components to improve early strength and reduce moisture sensitivity while maintaining fluoride release and chemical bonding. They remain a common choice for restorations in areas requiring chemical adhesion, fluoride release, and compatibility with tooth structure.