Larthroscopie

Larthroscopie is a minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that uses an arthroscope, a small camera-equipped instrument, to visualize the interior of a joint. The arthroscope is inserted through one or more small incisions called portals, allowing direct view of cartilage, ligaments, menisci, and other intra-articular structures. Saline or other irrigation fluid is used to distend the joint and improve visualization. In addition to inspection, surgeons can perform a range of treatments using specialized instruments introduced through separate portals.

Indications for larthroscopie include persistent joint pain or mechanical symptoms such as catching or locking when nonoperative treatments have failed. It is commonly used to evaluate and treat knee conditions, but can also be applied to the shoulder, ankle, hip, wrist, and elbow. Typical indications are suspected meniscal or ligament injuries, cartilage tears or degenerative changes, loose bodies, synovitis, infection assessment, and diagnostic clarification before more extensive surgery.

The procedure is usually performed under regional or general anesthesia and can often be done on an outpatient basis. After placing the portals, the surgeon conducts a diagnostic survey of the joint and, if needed, performs therapeutic steps such as debridement, removal of loose bodies, meniscal or cartilage repair or trimming, synovectomy, or limited ligament stabilization.

Benefits include smaller incisions, reduced tissue disruption, shorter recovery time, less postoperative pain, and quicker rehabilitation compared with open surgery. Potential risks are infection, bleeding, nerve or vessel injury, blood clots, joint stiffness, instrument breakage, fluid extravasation, and anesthesia-related complications. Recovery depends on the joint and procedure and typically involves physical therapy and gradual return to activity. The technique gained wide clinical use in the mid to late 20th century and has since become a standard tool in orthopedic and sports medicine.