Lakota

The Lakota are a Native American people who form the western division of the Sioux Nation. They refer to themselves as Lakȟóta, commonly translated as “the people” or “allies.” Historically, the Lakota occupied the Great Plains of North America, especially in what is now North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Montana, and they later lived in the Black Hills region.

Language and culture: The Lakota language is a Siouan language within the Sioux language continuum. It has several dialects and is written with a Latin-based script. Traditional Lakota life centered on bison hunting and seasonal migrations, with strong horse culture after contact with Europeans. Settled communities developed around tipis, kinship networks, and ceremonial life. Important spiritual concepts include a reverence for Wakȟáŋ Tȟáŋka (the Great Spirit) and distinct ceremonial practices such as the Sun Dance and vision quests. Lakota art includes beadwork and quillwork that are noted for their intricate designs.

Historical and modern context: In the 18th and 19th centuries, Lakota bands formed a large confederation and played a central role in Plains diplomacy and warfare. Notable leaders included Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. Conflicts with the United States culminated in events such as the 1876 Battle of the Little Bighorn and the 1890 Wounded Knee Massacre. Today, many Lakota live on reservations in the U.S., including Pine Ridge and Rosebud in South Dakota, Standing Rock in North Dakota, and Cheyenne River. The Oglala Sioux Tribe is one of the largest Lakota government entities, and language and cultural preservation efforts continue across communities.