Lacewing

Lacewings are insects in the order Neuroptera, comprising more than a thousand described species. The two best-known families are Chrysopidae, the green lacewings, and Hemerobiidae, the brown lacewings. They are named for their delicate, lace-like wing venation. Adults of many species are green with golden eyes, while brown lacewings are generally smaller and brown.

Adults have slender bodies, long antennae, and four transparent wings with a fine network of veins. The wings are usually held rooflike over the body when at rest. Color variation is common among species, and environmental factors can influence hue.

Lacewings undergo complete metamorphosis. Eggs are laid on vegetation, often in positions that increase the chance of encountering prey. Larvae, known as aphid lions, are voracious predators of aphids, mites, scale insects, and small caterpillars. After feeding, larvae pupate in a silken cocoon, and adults emerge after a period of metamorphosis. Adults typically feed on nectar, pollen, and honeydew, which helps sustain them when prey is scarce.

Ecology and significance: Lacewings are valued as biological control agents because their larval stages consume large numbers of pest insects. They are used in integrated pest management programs in orchards, fields, and greenhouses. Because they are sensitive to broad-spectrum insecticides, management practices often emphasize conservation and habitat enhancement, such as providing flowering plants to supply nectar and pollen.

Distribution: Lacewings are found worldwide, especially in temperate and subtropical regions. They inhabit gardens, forests, fields, and agricultural crops, where they contribute to natural pest suppression and biodiversity.