LPNsLVNs

Licensed practical nurses (LPNs) and licensed vocational nurses (LVNs) are entry-level nursing professionals who provide basic patient care under the supervision of registered nurses (RNs) or physicians. The titles LPN and LVN reflect regional naming differences: most states use LPN, while California and Texas historically use LVN. In practice, the roles are closely aligned, with the specific scope of duties governed by state regulations.

Education and licensure requirements typically involve completing a one-year diploma or certificate program in practical nursing, followed by passing the National Council Licensure Examination for Practical Nurses (NCLEX-PN). Admission to programs usually requires a high school diploma or equivalent and may include prerequisite coursework in biology or chemistry. After graduation, candidates apply for licensure in the state where they intend to work, and ongoing licensure often requires continuing education or renewal at intervals set by the state board of nursing.

Scope of practice and supervision vary by state but generally involve providing basic nursing care and assistance with activities of daily living under the supervision of RNs or physicians. Common duties include taking vital signs, administering routine medications as permitted, assisting with wound care, changing dressings, providing patient hygiene and comfort measures, ensuring safe mobility, and documenting care in patient records. LPNs/LVNs may also monitor patient status and report changes to supervising clinicians.

Work settings for LPNs/LVNs are diverse, including hospitals, long-term care facilities, clinics, and home health. Career advancement options include pursuing bridge programs to become RNs, or completing additional education for specialized roles in fields such as geriatrics, pediatrics, or public health.

Regulation of the profession is overseen by state boards of nursing, with licensure requirements, scope of practice, and continuing education standards defined by state law.