Käärsoolevähi

Käärsoolevähi, also known as colorectal cancer, is a type of cancer that starts in the colon or the rectum. It is one of the most common cancers worldwide and affects both men and women. The disease typically develops slowly, often beginning as a small, non-cancerous growth called a polyp on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. Over time, some polyps can become cancerous.

The exact causes of colorectal cancer are not fully understood, but several risk factors have been identified. These include older age, a personal or family history of colorectal cancer or polyps, certain inherited genetic syndromes like Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis, inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and lifestyle factors. Lifestyle factors that can increase risk include a diet low in fiber and high in red and processed meats, physical inactivity, obesity, smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption.

Symptoms of colorectal cancer can vary and may not appear until the disease is advanced. Common signs include a change in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation, blood in the stool, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, cramping, or bloating, and unexplained weight loss. Many of these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, so it is important to consult a healthcare professional if they persist.

Screening for colorectal cancer is crucial for early detection, as it can significantly improve treatment outcomes. Recommended screening methods include colonoscopy, fecal occult blood tests, and sigmoidoscopy. Regular screening is advised for individuals over a certain age or those with increased risk factors. Treatment options depend on the stage of the cancer and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted drug therapy.