Kuukautena

Kuukautena is a Finnish term used to refer to menstruation—the monthly shedding of the uterine lining that occurs in people who have a uterus and are of reproductive age. It describes both the state of having a period and the period itself in everyday language.

Overview: The menstrual cycle is regulated by hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. It prepares the body for potential pregnancy. The typical cycle lasts about 21 to 35 days, with menstrual bleeding lasting about 2 to 7 days. Bleeding results from the shedding of the endometrium when pregnancy does not occur.

Symptoms: Common experiences include menstrual bleeding, cramps (dysmenorrhea), lower abdominal discomfort, bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, fatigue, and mood fluctuations. Symptom intensity varies widely between individuals and across cycles. Some have heavier bleeding or more severe pain; others have light or irregular periods.

Management: Treatments and self-care aim to relieve pain and regulate symptoms. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen can reduce pain and bleeding. Heat therapy, rest, exercise, and hydration may help. For some, hormonal contraception or other medical therapies can regulate or suppress menstruation. Tracking cycles can improve awareness of variability.

Health considerations: Persistent, very heavy bleeding; severe pain not relieved by standard measures; or symptoms suggesting a medical condition (for example, endometriosis, PCOS, fibroids) warrant medical evaluation. Severe anemia or pregnancy concerns also require attention.

Social aspects: Menstruation can affect daily activities, work and education. Access to affordable menstrual products and accurate information are important for health and equality.