Kulumismekanismeja

Kulumismekanismeja refers to the mechanisms of wear in materials. Wear is a process of material removal or surface damage that occurs when two surfaces come into contact and move relative to each other. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for predicting the lifespan of components and designing for durability.

There are several primary mechanisms of wear. Adhesive wear occurs when surfaces in contact experience microscopic welding at high spots. Subsequent shearing of these welds leads to material transfer or removal. This is common in situations with high pressure and poor lubrication.

Abrasive wear happens when a harder surface or particles slide against a softer surface, causing scratching and material plowing. This can be a two-body abrasion, where one surface is the abrasive, or a three-body abrasion, where loose particles are present between the surfaces.

Surface fatigue, also known as fretting fatigue or rolling contact fatigue, involves the repeated application of stress to a surface, leading to the formation and propagation of cracks. This is often seen in components subjected to cyclic loading, such as gears or bearings.

Corrosive wear combines chemical or electrochemical attack with mechanical action. The corrosive environment weakens the material, making it more susceptible to removal by mechanical forces.

Erosive wear is caused by the impact of solid particles or liquid droplets on a surface. The kinetic energy of the impinging medium leads to material deformation and removal. The angle and velocity of impact significantly influence the rate of erosion. Each mechanism has distinct characteristics and is favored by specific operating conditions.