Kulltypen

Kulltypen is a term used in geomorphology to describe a class of landforms that resemble hills in plan and profile, but are smaller in scale and relief than mountains. The concept is primarily applied in Swedish-language geographic and earth science literature to categorize hill-like forms by origin, shape and size, rather than by precise lithology.

Formation and scope can vary, and the term often encompasses a range of processes. Glacial action, such as end moraines and bedrock hills formed by differential erosion, can produce kull-typ lands in regions with a history of glaciation. Non-glacial processes, including fluvial erosion, landslides, and localized tectonic uplift, can also create hill-type features that fit the general “kull” morphology. As a result, kulltypen serves as an umbrella category for both bedrock and sedimentary hills that share a convex, rounded or elongated silhouette.

Morphology commonly includes a convex or gently domed summit, with slopes that are moderate to gradual and a relief modest relative to surrounding terrain. Hills may occur singly or in clusters and may vary in soil development and vegetation depending on climate and exposure. Because kulltypen is a descriptive rather than a strict lithological category, specific rock types can vary widely within the class.

Usage and notes: the term appears in regional glossaries and some geomorphology field guides, but is not universally standardized. It is often used alongside related terms such as kulle, höjd eller kohl, depending on local tradition and language. See also related landform terms in hill and ridge classifications.