Kolorektalisyöpä

Kolorektalisyöpä is the Finnish term for colorectal cancer, a type of cancer that begins in the colon or rectum. It is one of the most common cancers worldwide, affecting both men and women. The disease typically develops slowly from precancerous polyps, which are small growths on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. If left untreated, these polyps can become cancerous.

The exact causes of colorectal cancer are not fully understood, but several risk factors are known. These include increasing age, a personal or family history of colorectal cancer or polyps, inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, and certain genetic syndromes. Lifestyle factors also play a role, such as a diet low in fiber and high in red and processed meats, physical inactivity, obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption.

Symptoms of colorectal cancer can vary and may include a change in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation that lasts for more than a few days, a feeling that the bowel does not empty completely, blood in the stool, or rectal bleeding. Abdominal pain, cramping, or bloating, and unexplained weight loss can also be indicative. In its early stages, colorectal cancer often has no symptoms, which highlights the importance of screening.

Screening tests, such as fecal occult blood tests and colonoscopies, are crucial for early detection. Early detection significantly improves the chances of successful treatment. Treatment options depend on the stage of the cancer and may include surgery to remove the tumor, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these. Regular screening is recommended for individuals over a certain age, or earlier for those with increased risk factors.