Kohleaarinimplantaate

Kohleaarinimplantaate, commonly known as cochlear implants, are sophisticated electronic devices that can provide a sense of sound to individuals who have severe to profound hearing loss. Unlike conventional hearing aids that amplify sound, cochlear implants bypass damaged parts of the ear and directly stimulate the auditory nerve. This electrical stimulation is then interpreted by the brain as sound.

The implant consists of external and internal components. The external part, worn behind the ear, includes a microphone to pick up sound, a speech processor to convert the sound into electrical signals, and a transmitter coil that sends these signals through the skin to the internal component. The internal component, surgically placed under the skin, has a receiver/stimulator and an electrode array. The receiver/stimulator decodes the signals from the transmitter, and the electrode array is inserted into the cochlea, the auditory part of the inner ear, to deliver the electrical impulses to the auditory nerve.

Cochlear implantation is typically considered when hearing aids are no longer effective. Candidates undergo thorough audiological and medical evaluations to determine suitability. The surgery itself is generally safe, but like any surgical procedure, it carries potential risks. After surgery, a period of healing is followed by activation of the external device and subsequent auditory rehabilitation. This rehabilitation involves working with audiologists and speech therapists to help the individual learn to interpret the new sound signals and develop listening and communication skills. The effectiveness of cochlear implants varies among individuals, and outcomes can depend on factors such as the duration of hearing loss, the cause of hearing loss, the success of surgery, and the commitment to rehabilitation.