Knogletætheden

Knogletætheden, often referred to as bone mineral density (BMD), is a measurement of the amount of calcium and other minerals in a section of bone. It is used to assess the strength of bones and diagnose conditions like osteoporosis. Higher bone density generally indicates stronger bones, while lower bone density suggests that bones are weaker and more prone to fractures.

The most common method for measuring bone density is dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This non-invasive procedure uses low doses of X-rays to determine how much mineral content is present in specific areas, typically the hip and spine. Other methods, such as quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and peripheral DXA, can also be used.

Bone density naturally decreases with age, particularly after menopause in women due to hormonal changes. Factors such as genetics, diet, lifestyle (including smoking and excessive alcohol consumption), and certain medical conditions can also influence bone density. Maintaining adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, engaging in regular weight-bearing exercise, and avoiding risk factors are crucial for preserving bone health throughout life.

Low bone density, or osteopenia, can progress to osteoporosis, a more severe condition characterized by brittle and porous bones. Osteoporosis significantly increases the risk of fractures, especially in the hip, spine, and wrist. Early detection and management through lifestyle modifications and, if necessary, medication can help slow bone loss and reduce fracture risk.