Klientoserverio

Klientoserverio is a model of distributed computing in which client applications request services or data from centralized servers. In this architecture, clients run on user devices or front-end systems, while servers manage data storage, application logic, and resource provisioning. The server responds to client requests through a network.

Communication follows a request‑response pattern over protocols such as HTTP, HTTPS, or TCP. Interactions are often stateless, with the server treating each request as independent, though many systems implement session state or tokens to maintain context. Data formats commonly used include JSON and XML.

Architectures vary in scope and layering. Two‑tier setups connect a single client to a server; three‑tier designs add an application server between the client and database, improving scalability and security. Modern deployments frequently use multi‑tier, microservices, or serverless patterns, distributed across multiple nodes and data centers. Caching and load balancing are common techniques to handle demand.

Advantages of klientoserverio include centralized data management, standardized interfaces, and scalable resource allocation. It also allows centralized security controls and easier maintenance. Limitations include potential bottlenecks, latency, single points of failure, and the complexity of distributed state synchronization across servers.

Historically, client–server models emerged in early times of computer networks and evolved with the rise of the World Wide Web. Today they underpin most web applications, enterprise software, mobile backends, and many APIs, often complemented by frameworks for REST, SOAP, or gRPC, and by technologies such as WebSocket for real-time communication.