Kihtikohtaus

Kihtikohtaus refers to a sudden and severe episode of pain, swelling, redness, and heat in a joint, typically the big toe. This is caused by a rapid buildup of uric acid crystals within the joint. Uric acid is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys. When the body produces too much uric acid or the kidneys don't remove enough, it can form needle-like crystals. These crystals can trigger an inflammatory response, leading to the intense symptoms of a kihtikohtaus.

Several factors can contribute to the development of kihtikohtaus. These include a diet high in purines (found in red meat, organ meats, and some seafood), excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, certain medical conditions like kidney disease or high blood pressure, and some medications. Dehydration can also play a role.

The pain associated with a kihtikohtaus is often described as excruciating and can come on suddenly, frequently at night. The affected joint becomes extremely tender, making even light touch unbearable. While the big toe is the most common site, other joints such as the ankle, knee, wrist, and elbow can also be affected.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, assessment of symptoms, and sometimes blood tests to measure uric acid levels. In some cases, fluid from the affected joint may be analyzed to identify uric acid crystals. Treatment focuses on relieving pain and inflammation and preventing future attacks. This may include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine, or corticosteroids. Long-term management involves lifestyle modifications and medications to lower uric acid levels.