Keuhkopien

Keuhkopien, or *pneumothorax* in medical terminology, refers to the presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity, the space between the lung and the chest wall. This condition can cause the lung to partially or completely collapse, impairing its ability to function properly. Keuhkopien is typically classified into primary (spontaneous) and secondary types, with the latter often associated with underlying lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or infections.

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax usually occurs in otherwise healthy individuals, often affecting taller, thin young adults, particularly males. Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax arises due to an underlying lung condition that weakens the lung tissue, making it more susceptible to rupture. Traumatic pneumothorax results from chest injuries, such as rib fractures or penetrating wounds, while tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening emergency where air accumulates in the pleural space under pressure, compressing the lung and shifting internal organs.

Symptoms of keuhkopien may include sudden sharp chest pain, shortness of breath, and coughing. In some cases, especially with a small pneumothorax, symptoms may be mild or absent. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through imaging studies such as a chest X-ray or computed tomography (CT) scan. Treatment depends on the severity of the condition. Small pneumothoraces may resolve on their own with observation, while larger or symptomatic cases often require medical intervention, such as the insertion of a chest tube to remove excess air.

Prevention of recurrent pneumothorax may involve surgical procedures such as pleurodesis, where the pleural surfaces are intentionally irritated to prevent future air accumulation, or the removal of weakened lung tissue. Proper management of underlying lung diseases can also reduce the risk of secondary pneumothorax. Prompt medical attention is crucial, particularly in cases of tension pneumothorax, to prevent complications such as respiratory failure or cardiac compromise.