Keramikker

Keramikker is the term used for artisans who work with ceramic materials, including potters, tile makers, sculptors, and engineers who design ceramic products. They shape clay and other ceramic compounds into vessels, tiles, sculptures, and functional objects, and then transform them through firing in a kiln.

Common techniques include hand-building (pinch, coil, and slab construction), wheel throwing, and slip casting. After forming, objects are dried, bisque-fired to remove moisture and harden the body, cooled, glazed, and fired again at higher temperatures. Kiln atmospheres—oxidizing or reducing—affect color and surface. Materials vary by purpose: earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain refer to different clay bodies and firing ranges. Glazes and slips add color and surface effects, while decoration may include painting, underglazes, sgraffito, stamps, or carving.

Many keramikker work in studios or small workshops producing pottery for everyday use or for art. Others are employed in industrial settings producing tiles, sanitaryware, or tableware. The profession often involves knowledge of materials science, glaze chemistry, and kiln technology, as well as safety practices for working with clay and combustible fuels.

Education paths range from informal apprenticeships and community courses to degree programs in ceramics or fine arts. Experience with studio practice, portfolio development, and mastery of firing techniques are central to professional development.

Ceramics is one of the oldest crafts, with early pottery dating back to prehistoric times. The invention of high-fired porcelain and advances in glaze technology shaped artistic and industrial ceramics across cultures, contributing to both utilitarian and decorative traditions. Contemporary keramikker may emphasize craft, design, or conceptual art, often combining traditional techniques with new materials and processes.