Keinonahkat

Keinonahkat (the Finnish term for synthetic leathers) are man-made materials designed to imitate animal leather without using hides. They are used as substitutes in clothing, footwear, upholstery, and automotive interiors. The most common forms are polyurethane (PU) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coatings applied to a textile or foam backing, sometimes with textured embossing to resemble natural grain. In recent years, some variants incorporate microfibre backs or bio-based coatings and alternative substrates to improve durability and feel.

Production typically involves laminating or coating a backing fabric with a polymer layer, followed by curing, finishing, and texturing. PU-based options are often chosen for a softer hand and better breathability, while PVC-based materials can be more economical and water-resistant. Advances aim to reduce volatile organic compounds and use water-based formulations, though environmental impacts remain a consideration.

Advantages of keinonahkat include lower cost, consistent quality, animal-friendliness, and easy care. They are generally resistant to water and staining and can be engineered for specific properties like flexibility or abrasion resistance. Limitations compared to genuine leather include potential for cracking or stiffening over time, variable breathability, and a more complex end-of-life disposal due to the composite nature of the materials.

Environmental considerations are central to ongoing development. Manufacturing relies on plastic polymers, which can raise concerns about resource use, emissions, and microplastics. Some producers pursue recycled-content, bio-based coatings, or closed-loop recycling to improve sustainability. Alternatives within the vegan and sustainable-material family include cork, mycelium, and plant-based leathers.