Kardiologer

Kardiologer are medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases of the heart and blood vessels. They manage a wide range of conditions, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, valvular heart disease, and congenital heart defects that persist or present in adulthood. Their work often combines medical therapy with interventional or device-based treatments when necessary, aiming to improve symptoms, function, and overall prognosis.

Education and training for kardiologer typically begin with a medical degree, followed by a residency in internal medicine. This is then followed by a cardiology fellowship, during which clinicians gain expertise in patient care, diagnostic testing, and the management of complex cardiovascular conditions. In many countries, clinicians may pursue further subspecialty training in areas such as interventional cardiology, electrophysiology, cardiac imaging, or heart failure and transplant. Certification requirements vary by country and region, but board or specialty certifications attest to standardized expertise.

Common responsibilities include evaluating patients, interpreting diagnostic tests (electrocardiograms, echocardiography, exercise stress testing, and advanced cardiac imaging), and guiding treatment plans. Procedures may involve coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention, implantation of pacemakers or defibrillators, and electrophysiology studies. Kardiologer work in hospitals, clinics, and academic settings, often in collaboration with primary care physicians, surgeons, and other specialists. Emphasis is placed on prevention, risk-factor management (such as lipids, blood pressure, and diabetes control), and staying current with evolving guidelines and technologies in cardiovascular care.