Kacheln

Kacheln are flat, regularly shaped units used to cover floors, walls, and other surfaces. While ceramic tiles are the most common type, Kacheln can also be porcelain, natural stone, glass, or cement. They typically come in square or rectangular formats, but mosaic sheets and other shapes are also used for decorative effects. Surfaces are finished with glaze or left unglazed, influencing color, texture, water absorption, and slip resistance.

Materials and formats form a key part of tile design. Ceramic and porcelain tiles are made from clay and minerals, fired at high temperatures, with porcelain generally having a denser, less porous structure. Glazed tiles receive a colored glass-like coating that provides color, pattern, and a protective layer. Natural stone tiles offer unique veining and textures but may require more maintenance. Sizes range from small mosaics to large panels, and finishes include matte, gloss, and textured surfaces.

Manufacture and installation follow standardized practices. Tiles are produced in controlled kilns, then cut to precise sizes. Installation typically uses a thin-set adhesive or mortar, with grout filling the joints to secure the tiles and provide a finished look. Substrates must be prepared for durability and moisture resistance; stone tiles may require sealing, while non-porous tiles are easier to maintain. Proper layout, cutting, and spacing prevent cracks and uneven surfaces.

Applications and maintenance are broad. Kacheln are common in bathrooms, kitchens, and living spaces, as well as exterior facades and industrial settings. They offer durability, water resistance, and design versatility, from minimalist to intricate patterns. Maintenance includes regular cleaning, grout care, and resealing of natural stone when needed. The history of Kacheln extends from ancient civilizations to contemporary design, reflecting advances in materials, manufacturing, and decorative techniques.