Ipomovirus

Ipomovirus is a genus of plant viruses belonging to the family *Potyviridae*, which are among the most economically significant pathogens affecting crops worldwide. The name "Ipomovirus" derives from the type species, *Ipomoea virus A* (IpV-A), initially isolated from sweet potato (*Ipomoea batatas*) in Japan. This genus comprises single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that are transmitted primarily through aphids in a non-persistent manner.

Ipomovirus viruses possess a single open reading frame encoding a polyprotein, which is processed into functional proteins through proteolytic cleavage. The genome is approximately 9–10 kilobases in length and includes a 5' untranslated region (UTR) and a 3' UTR with a poly(A) tail. The coat protein, encoded near the 3' end of the genome, plays a role in virus assembly and movement within host cells.

Symptoms of ipomovirus infections vary depending on the host plant but often include mosaic patterns, leaf curling, stunting, and reduced yield. Notable hosts include sweet potato, morning glory (*Ipomoea*), and other solanaceous plants. The virus is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, posing challenges to agricultural productivity.

Research on ipomoviruses has focused on understanding their molecular biology, epidemiology, and management strategies. Molecular techniques, such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), are commonly used for detection and diagnosis. Control measures typically involve resistant crop varieties, integrated pest management, and monitoring aphid populations to prevent virus spread.

Further study is ongoing to elucidate the interactions between ipomoviruses and their hosts, as well as to develop effective control methods to mitigate their impact on global agriculture.