Intihuatana

The Intihuatana is a precisely carved stone pillar located at the Incan citadel of Machu Picchu in Peru. The name "Intihuatana" is derived from the Quechua language and is often translated as "hitching post of the sun" or "tie to the sun." This enigmatic structure is believed to have served a significant astronomical purpose for the Incas.

Its exact function remains a subject of scholarly debate. However, the prevailing theory suggests that the Intihuatana was used as an astronomical clock or calendar. The stone's carefully positioned angles and surfaces align with solar events, particularly the solstices. During the June solstice, the sun appears to be directly above the pillar, casting no shadow. This alignment likely helped the Incas determine planting and harvesting seasons, as well as mark important religious festivals.

The Intihuatana is characterized by its unique shape, featuring a large, rectangular base with a protruding, sculpted finial. The stone is deeply integrated into the natural rock formation of the mountain. The craftsmanship involved in its creation is remarkable, demonstrating a sophisticated understanding of astronomy and engineering by the Inca civilization. It is one of the most iconic and well-preserved examples of Inca stonework, attracting numerous visitors to Machu Picchu each year. The site where the Intihuatana is found is often referred to as the Intihuatana sector of Machu Picchu.