Insektenart

Insektenart is the basic unit of biological classification within the class Insecta. In practice, a species is a reproductively isolated population or a group of populations that share a distinct set of traits and fill a particular ecological niche. Because there is no single universal species definition, entomologists use several concepts, often combining morphological characteristics, reproductive isolation, and genetic data to delimit species. Insects are the most diverse group of animals, with descriptions of more than a million species and estimates suggesting many more remain undiscovered. The concept of an insect species thus hinges on detectable differences that correspond to discrete lineages.

In practice, species delimitation in insects relies on morphological analysis, including diagnostic traits such as body plan and genitalia in many groups. Molecular approaches, such as DNA barcoding of the COI gene, are increasingly used to reveal cryptic diversity and to confirm or revise species boundaries. Integrative taxonomy combines morphology, genetics, ecology, and behavior.

Insects show a wide range of life cycles, from simple metamorphosis to complete metamorphosis, and occupy virtually every habitat. They provide essential ecosystem services, such as pollination, decomposition, and serving as food for other organisms, while some are agricultural pests or disease vectors. Distribution patterns are influenced by climate, habitat availability, and human activity.

Threats include habitat loss, pesticide use, climate change, and invasive species. Conservation and sustainable management require understanding species boundaries and distributions to monitor populations and protect ecological functions.