Immunsüsteemihäiretes

Immunsüsteemihäiretes, commonly referred to as immune system disorders, occur when the body's natural defense system malfunctions. This can manifest in several ways, either by the immune system attacking the body's own tissues (autoimmune diseases) or by an inability to effectively fight off infections and diseases (immunodeficiency disorders).

Autoimmune diseases are a diverse group of conditions where the immune system mistakenly identifies healthy cells, tissues, or organs as foreign invaders and launches an attack. Examples include rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. The exact triggers for autoimmune diseases are not fully understood but are believed to involve a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors.

Immunodeficiency disorders, on the other hand, result from a weakened or absent immune response. This can be congenital, meaning it is present from birth (primary immunodeficiency), or acquired later in life due to factors like infections (such as HIV/AIDS), malnutrition, certain medications, or cancer treatments (secondary immunodeficiency). Individuals with immunodeficiencies are more susceptible to infections, which can be severe and life-threatening.

Diagnosing immune system disorders typically involves a review of medical history, physical examination, and various laboratory tests, including blood work to assess immune cell counts, antibody levels, and inflammatory markers. Treatment strategies vary widely depending on the specific disorder and its severity. They may include medications to suppress the immune system, hormone replacement therapy, or in some cases, bone marrow or stem cell transplantation. Management often focuses on controlling symptoms, preventing infections, and improving the patient's quality of life.