Illustrations

Illustrations are images created to accompany, illuminate, or explain text and concepts. They are used in books, magazines, newspapers, advertisements, packaging, websites, and digital media to communicate ideas, tell stories, evoke mood, or aid understanding. Illustrations can range from literal representations to abstract or symbolic visuals, and may function as the dominant image or as part of a design system.

Historically, illustrations grew from hand-drawn initials and marginal drawings in manuscripts to woodcuts, engravings, and plates in printed books. Scientific and technical illustration advanced through precise diagrams and labeled figures. In the 19th and 20th centuries, illustrators supported journalism, education, and entertainment across mass media. The rise of digital tools in the late 20th century transformed production, enabling vector and raster graphics, photo-based illustrations, and concept art created with tablets and software such as vector programs, raster editors, and 3D rendering.

Common types of illustration include editorial or magazine illustration, book illustration (including children’s books), scientific and medical illustration, technical and instructional illustration, map and infographic design, and concept or entertainment art such as concept sketches and storyboard frames. Techniques span traditional media—pen and ink, watercolor, gouache, acrylic, lithography—and digital methods, including vector graphics, raster painting, 3D rendering, and mixed-media composites.

The creation process typically involves collaboration with authors or clients, initial sketches or thumbnails, rough layouts, a final artwork stage, and revisions. Rights management and licensing cover reproduction, distribution, and derivative works. Illustrations shape tone and accessibility, support storytelling, and contribute to brand and visual culture across diverse platforms.