Idukki

Idukki is a hilly district in the Indian state of Kerala, situated in the Western Ghats. The landscape is defined by mountains, forests, and a system of reservoirs created by dam projects on the Periyar River. The district is a center for tea and spice cultivation and is a popular destination for nature and wildlife tourism. It borders the state of Tamil Nadu to the east and the districts of Ernakulam and Kottayam to the north and west.

Formation and administration: Formed on January 26, 1972, by carving out from the erstwhile Ernakulam district, Idukki has its administrative headquarters in Painavu. The district is known for its hydroelectric projects and extensive plantation areas, including major hill stations.

Geography and biodiversity: The district lies in the Western Ghats and contains protected areas such as the Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary and the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary around Thekkady. The climate is tropical highland, with heavy monsoon rainfall and cool temperatures at higher elevations.

Economy and tourism: The district is known for hydroelectric power generation, with the Idukki Arch Dam and the Cheruthoni and Kulamavu dams forming a major reservoir used for electricity. Agriculture includes tea, cardamom, pepper, and coffee; tourism centers around Munnar, Devikulam, and Thekkady, drawing visitors for hill scenery, spice plantations, and wildlife experiences.

Transport and administration: Road connectivity is through state highways; the nearest airports are Cochin International Airport, and the nearest major railway stations are Ernakulam (Kochi) and Kottayam.