IDF

The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) is the national military of the State of Israel. It was established in 1948, formed from pre-state Jewish military organizations such as the Haganah, Palmach, and others, to defend the newly declared state. The IDF operates under civilian political oversight and is commanded by the Chief of General Staff, with strategic direction provided by the government. It comprises the Ground Forces, the Israeli Air Force, and the Israeli Navy, along with intelligence and support services.

Israel maintains mandatory military service for most Jewish citizens and certain minority groups, with exemptions and alternative services available in particular cases. Conscription is a central feature of the IDF, and service durations vary by branch, gender, and role, with men generally serving longer than women. In addition to active personnel, the IDF relies on a large reserve force that can be mobilized to reinforce active units during emergencies or conflicts.

The IDF’s mandate includes border defense, counter-terrorism, and both conventional and irregular warfare, as well as humanitarian assistance and disaster response in the region. It has been involved in multiple major conflicts since 1948, including wars with neighboring states and ongoing security operations in Gaza and the northern front. Technological development is a hallmark, with advanced air power, ground systems, and missile defense networks, as well as a robust intelligence apparatus. Israel’s security posture and military doctrine are closely linked to regional security dynamics, international diplomacy, and fluctuating threat perceptions.