Hypertenziunea

Hypertenziunea, commonly known as high blood pressure or hypertension, is a chronic medical condition characterized by persistently elevated pressure in the arteries. This condition means that the heart has to work harder to pump blood throughout the body. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is recorded as two numbers: systolic pressure (the pressure when the heart beats) and diastolic pressure (the pressure when the heart rests between beats).

A reading of 130/80 mmHg or higher is generally considered hypertension. While there are often no symptoms in the early stages, long-term uncontrolled hypertension can lead to serious health problems. These include heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and vision loss.

The causes of hypertension can be multifactorial. In many cases, particularly in older adults, it is essential hypertension, meaning there is no identifiable underlying medical cause. However, lifestyle factors such as a diet high in salt, lack of physical activity, obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking can contribute significantly. Secondary hypertension, on the other hand, is caused by an underlying medical condition, such as kidney disease, thyroid problems, or certain medications.

Diagnosis is typically made through regular blood pressure monitoring. Treatment often involves lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes, regular exercise, weight management, and smoking cessation. In many instances, medication is also prescribed to help lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of complications. Regular medical check-ups are crucial for managing hypertenziunea effectively.