Hyperlipoproteinämien

Hyperlipoproteinämie refers to a group of metabolic disorders characterized by abnormally high levels of lipids, such as cholesterol and triglycerides, in the blood. These conditions are often genetic but can also be acquired due to lifestyle factors like diet, obesity, and lack of exercise. They are broadly classified into primary (genetic) and secondary (acquired) forms. Primary hyperlipoproteinemias are further categorized into types I through V based on the specific lipid profile and underlying genetic defect. For example, Type IIa, also known as familial hypercholesterolemia, is marked by elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Secondary hyperlipoproteinemias can be associated with conditions like diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, kidney disease, and certain medications. Elevated lipid levels, particularly LDL cholesterol, are a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis, which can lead to cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes. Diagnosis typically involves a lipid panel blood test. Management strategies vary depending on the type and severity of the hyperlipoproteinämie, and may include dietary modifications, exercise, weight management, and pharmacologic treatments like statins, fibrates, or PCSK9 inhibitors. Regular monitoring of lipid levels and overall cardiovascular health is crucial for individuals diagnosed with hyperlipoproteinämie.