Hoofdpijn

Hoofdpijn, known in English as headache, is a common neurological symptom that can range from mild discomfort to debilitating pain. It manifests when the brain’s protective tissues or surrounding blood vessels are stimulated, often due to muscle tension, inflammation, or circulatory changes. Clinically, hoofdpijn is classified by its cause, location, and pattern. Primary headache disorders, such as tension-type headache, migraine, and cluster headache, occur without underlying disease. Secondary headaches arise from conditions like sinus infection, high blood pressure, brain tumors, or medication overuse. The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) provides standardized diagnostic criteria, guiding clinicians through symptoms, triggering factors, and progression.

Physical examination of a patient with hoofdpijn includes assessment of neurological function, evaluation of cranial nerves, and inspection for signs of infection or injury. Imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, are reserved for cases with red flags like unexplained neurological deficits or sudden onset pain, known as a thunderclap headache.

Treatment strategies vary with diagnosis. For tension-type headache, non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs and biofeedback are common. Migraine therapy may involve triptans, ergots, or preventive agents such as beta blockers and calcium channel blockers. Cluster headaches often respond to high‑dose oxygen or verapamil. Lifestyle modifications—regular sleep, hydration, stress management, and avoidance of known triggers—play a crucial role in frequency reduction. When medication overuse is identified, an abrupt cessation under medical supervision is recommended. Overall, hoofdpijn remains a frequent complaint; most cases are managed effectively with a combination of pharmacological treatment and patient education.