Holstein

Holstein, or Holstein-Friesian, is a dairy cattle breed originating from the northern European regions of Friesland (Netherlands) and Schleswig-Holstein (Germany). The name reflects these regional roots. The breed is among the most widely distributed dairy cattle in the world and is commonly used in commercial milk production.

Holsteins are large animals with a distinctive coat pattern of black and white, though red and white forms occur due to recessive genes. They are renowned for high milk yields and well-developed udders, traits that have made them the dominant dairy breed in many countries. Temperament is typically calm, and they are well suited to intensive management systems.

Breeding programs emphasize milk production, udder health, fertility, and longevity. Artificial insemination and genetic evaluation support the widespread use of Holstein genetics in dairy cattle. In practice, herds often require careful nutrition, housing, and udder care to maximize performance and maintain animal welfare.

In markets where the distinction is made, the breed is referred to as Holstein-Friesian or Friesian, highlighting its Dutch and German origins. Holsteins have a global footprint, with large populations in North America, Europe, and in parts of Asia and South America, where they form a cornerstone of the modern dairy industry.