Hidrosel

Hidrosel, also known as hydrocele, is a condition characterized by the accumulation of serous fluid within the tunica vaginalis surrounding the testicle, causing scrotal swelling. It can be congenital or acquired. Congenital hydroceles arise when the processus vaginalis fails to close, allowing fluid to collect in the scrotal sac. Acquired hydroceles develop later in life due to inflammation or infection of the testes or epididymis, trauma, or tumors, or as a result of increased fluid production.

Most infants with a congenital hydrocele have a painless swelling that often resolves within the first year without intervention. In adults, hydroceles are usually chronic and may be painless, though they can cause cosmetic concerns or discomfort if large.

Diagnosis relies on history and physical examination. A smooth, non-tender swelling that often transilluminates with a flashlight is typical. Ultrasound is commonly used to distinguish a hydrocele from a hernia and to evaluate for concurrent testicular pathology.

Management depends on age, symptoms, and persistence. Many infant hydroceles are observed, as they frequently resolve spontaneously. Persistent or enlarging hydroceles in children or adults may require surgical intervention (hydrocelectomy) or less invasive approaches such as needle aspiration with sclerosant. Potential risks of treatment include recurrence, infection, and injury to surrounding structures.

Prognosis after treatment is generally good, with relief of symptoms and preservation of testicular function. Hidrosel is relatively common in newborn males and becomes less frequent with age.