Heilungshemmnisse

Heilungshemmnisse, often translated as healing impediments or barriers to healing, refers to factors that slow down or prevent the natural process of wound healing. These impediments can arise from both local wound conditions and systemic patient factors. Local factors include infection, which introduces pathogens that damage tissue and trigger an inflammatory response that can become chronic, and foreign bodies, such as debris or sutures, that the body attempts to expel. Poor blood supply (ischemia) to the wound site is also a significant impediment, as it deprives healing tissues of essential oxygen and nutrients. Inadequate or excessive moisture at the wound bed can disrupt cellular activity and the formation of granulation tissue. Pressure applied to the wound, particularly in the case of pressure ulcers, impedes blood flow and oxygenation.

Systemic factors impacting healing are numerous. Advanced age is associated with a general decline in the body's regenerative capabilities. Malnutrition, particularly deficiencies in protein, vitamins (like C and A), and minerals (like zinc), deprives the body of the building blocks and cofactors necessary for tissue repair. Chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, impair microcirculation and immune function, while conditions like peripheral artery disease reduce blood flow to extremities, hindering wound healing. Certain medications, including corticosteroids and chemotherapy agents, can suppress the immune system and inflammatory processes essential for healing. Psychological factors, such as stress and depression, can also negatively influence the body's overall ability to recover.